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宾语补足语小结

 
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                         宾语补足语小结
在初中英语学习中,宾语补足语,对学生来说,既是重点又是难点。为了让学生能准确把握这一知识点,我在这里作简要阐述。  

   英语中,有一些动词带上一个宾语之后,整个句子意思仍不完整,宾语后还需要一个部分,来补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征或身份,这个部分就是宾语补足语。  

   从逻辑上看,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着主谓关系或主表关系。  

如果不存在主谓、主表关系,那么,宾语后面的部分可能是状语。  

   如;We saw the pupils playing basketball.  

         The pupils were playing basketball.   存在主谓关系。  

       His mother found him a clever boy.  

         He was a clever boy.   存在主表关系。  

      上面两例带有宾语补足语。  

  比较:I often listen to the tapes to improve my English.  

         The tapes improve my English.  不成立。  

         I improve my English. 成立。  

       上面这一例带有目的状语。  

  宾语补足语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等来充当。很显然,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等作宾补是用来补充说明宾语的状态、特征或身份;动词不定式、现在分词等作宾补是用来补充说明宾语的动作,宾语是不定式、现在分词动作的执行者;过去分词作宾补,说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。  

  1、 名词作宾语补足语  

(1) We call him Tom.  

  (2)   They made me monitor.  

  2、 形容词作宾语补足语  

   (1)  Too much food made him ill.  

   (2)  We must keep our classroom clean.  

   (3)   Eat the right food to keep you healthy.  

  3、 副词作宾语补足语  

   (1)  Let him in.  

   (2)  You had better keep the child away from the fire.  

  4、 介词短语作宾语补足语  

   (1)  Make yourself at home.  

   (2)  Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.  

  5、 动词不定式作宾语补足语  

     【1】 用带to的不定式  

     (1)  I advise you to leave now.  

     (2)   He encouraged me to have a try.  

     (3)   The policeman asked us not to play soccer in the street.  

     (4)   Chairman Mao teaches us to serve the people heart and soul.  

     【2】  用省略to的不定式  

   使役动词make,have,let等后面接不定式作宾语补足语,在主动句中,一定要省略to;在被动句中,一定要带上to, let例外。  

      (1)  Let me have a look.  

      (2)  They make her wait.  

      (3)  Have him do it.  

  (4)  We are made to do too much homework every day.   

(5) He was let go.  

   感官动词see,watch,notice,feel,hear,listen to,look at等后面接不定式作宾语补足语,在主动句中,如果表示事实性动作或经常性动作,一定要省略to;在被动句中,一定要带上to.  

      (1)  We saw the train go into the station.  

      (2)   I heard a letter drop.  

      (3)   We feel the house shake.  

     (4) I often hear him sing in the next room.  

     (5) She was seen to enter the room last night.  

      (6)  Someone was heard to come upstairs.  

      【3】   既可以用带to也可以用省略to的不定式  

      I often help my mother (to) do housework.  

6、  分词作宾语补足语  

【1】  如果感官动词后宾语的动作是未结束动作,也就是还在进行过程中,应用现在分词作宾补。  

(1) I felt my heart beating very fast.  

(2) He keeps us waiting.  

【2】  过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是宾补动作的承受者。  

(1) We had the machine repaired.  

(2) I tried to make myself understood in the U.S.A.  
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